Membrane bioreactors incorporating hollow fiber membranes have gained traction as a robust technology for various biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article provides a comprehensive review of hollow fiber membr

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These cutting-edge systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate optimized mass transfer, cellular growth, and product accumulation. This comprehensive review delves into the fundamentals of hollow fiber